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City branding has come to function as a platform that embodies civic identity and sustainability rather than simply representing a visual symbol. Although participatory design plays an increasingly important role in this process, previous studies often fail to address when citizens are involved and how actively they participate. In response, this study develops a new classification system based on theoretical analysis, considering both the degree of citizen initiative and the stage of involvement. The framework outlines five forms of participation, which include opinion collection in the early planning phase, collaborative involvement in setting the brand direction, participation in promotional or experiential activities, co-creation of brand elements such as slogans or logos, and citizen-led processes that span the entire branding journey. This structure offers a strategic foundation for integrating meaningful public engagement into city branding in a way that enhances its authenticity and sustainability.