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Generative artificial intelligence is transforming creative processes in character design. However, existing research on human-AI collaboration has not sufficiently explained how AI intervention affects designers’ psychological ownership. This study integrates psychological ownership theory, self-determination theory, and human-AI collaboration theory to examine the formation mechanism of psychological ownership in AI-assisted character design. A questionnaire experiment was conducted with 200 visual creative practitioners who had experience using AI image-generation tools. The results show that higher AI autonomy is associated with lower perceived control, creative autonomy, perceived human contribution, and psychological ownership. The right to modify significantly mitigated the negative effect of AI autonomy on psychological ownership, whereas explainable feedback did not show a significant correlation or moderating effect. This study proposes a framework of AI-mediated creative ownership and provides theoretical and practical implications for designing human-centered AI collaborative systems.